Project Development

Questions about final project

What does it do?

My final Project is a machine which removes the leaves from the olives or something that has the leaves

Who’s done what beforehand?

In the web there are some example of this machine but they working is different: they haven't a sensor which activates the fan motor when we put the olives from the top od the machine.

What did you design?

I've designed the structure of the machine and the internal bar done with the shopbot,the fan,the support for the fan and board, and at the end the box which contain the electronics components done with the laser cutter

What materials and components were used?

I've used the wood for the structure of the machine and the PLA material for the 3D printing.

Where did they come from?

Our fab lab has bought from the web and the shop if the city.

How much did they cost?

I have done the BOM (for the whole final project):

component quantity vendor price
3d printing material x5 my work 15$
OSB table x2 website 30$
pcb board x1 website
electronic component website 3$
sonar sensor x1 website 2$
lcd display x1 website 3$
load cell x1 website
motor dc x1 website 15.95$

What parts and systems were made?

Hardware: the wiring of the input and output device (in my case a sensor and a display) Software: I have to controll the state of my motor: when I put the olives the fan must turn in order to remove the leaves

What processes were used?

the schedule included in mt project are this:

What questions were answered?

When I have the idea of this project I think that could be hard to link the wire in a box of the machine.

How was it evaluated?

my project could be evaluated like a prototype and if it will work I am going to add more function in it.

What are the implications?

I want to do an interface for the future in order to could see the state of the motor, and the emergency stop

presentation png

click here to see the image bigger

CAD and 3D printing

In my project there is a dc motor which makes it turn a fan: fortunately I've already tried to design it in the week of 3D printing but then I've modified it because before I haven't done the space to put the pin motor:

the model is visible here:

Fan-final-project by marcocialone16 on Sketchfab

this fan is not good for the use that I am going to do: to solve this problem I've printed a fan designed in openscad (can you see it in the week of CAD):

file support_motor stl

Electronic production for my final

the day before the presentation I have only designed the board for my project but not milled it : I have simulate my schematic with an arduino and the wire linked to a breadboard.

the schematic and the board are this:

the Bill of Material:

component value library
R1 1k fab library
R2 100k fab library
R3 10k fab library
Cristal 16 Mhz crystal
Capacitor1 18/22 pF fab library
Capacitor2 1uF fab library
Capacitor3 100nF fab library
voltage regulator 12v to 5v fab library
led fab library
ATmega328P fab library(ATMEGA88-THIN package)
transistor npn fab library
pin header ... pinhead
my board ... ...

embeeded programming and final working

the programm that I have done, should read ,by a sensor, the distance between the two side : in that way if the distance detected is less that this fix distance (so the olives are coming into the machine) the motor turn on in order to throw the leaf out; my programm also write on a display the state of the motor.

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Example NewPing library sketch that does a ping about 20 times per second.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include <NewPing.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin
// with the arduino pin number it is connected to
const int rs = 7, en = 8, d4=9, d5 = 10, d6 = 11, d7 = 12;
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);
#define TRIGGER_PIN  A1  // Arduino pin tied to trigger pin on the ultrasonic sensor.
#define ECHO_PIN     A0  // Arduino pin tied to echo pin on the ultrasonic sensor.
#define MAX_DISTANCE 200 // Maximum distance we want to ping for (in centimeters). Maximum sensor distance is rated at 400-500cm.
#define pin_motor 6
NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE); // NewPing setup of pins and maximum distance.
int valore_sonar ;
int i;
int stato_precedente;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);// Open serial monitor at 115200 baud to see ping results.
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
pinMode(pin_motor,OUTPUT);
analogWrite(pin_motor,0);
}
void loop() {
delay(200);                     // Wait 50ms between pings (about 20 pings/sec). 29ms should be the shortest delay between pings.
sonar.ping_cm();

if(sonar.ping_cm()<40 && stato_precedente==0){

Serial.print(sonar.ping_cm()); // Send ping, get distance in cm and print result (0 = outside set distance range)
Serial.println("cm");
Serial.println("motore:on");
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
delay(50);
lcd.print("motore:on");


for(i=0;i<145;i++){
analogWrite(pin_motor,i);
delay(15);
}
analogWrite(pin_motor,145);
stato_precedente=145;
delay(1000);
}
else if (sonar.ping_cm()<40 && stato_precedente==145){
Serial.print(sonar.ping_cm()); // Send ping, get distance in cm and print result (0 = outside set distance range)
Serial.println("cm");
Serial.println("motore: on");
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
delay(100);
lcd.print("motore:on ");

analogWrite(pin_motor,145);
delay(1000);
}

else if(sonar.ping_cm()>=40 && stato_precedente==0){

Serial.print(sonar.ping_cm()); // Send ping, get distance in cm and print result (0 = outside set distance range)
Serial.println("cm");
Serial.println("motore:off");
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
delay(100);
lcd.print("motore:off ");
analogWrite(pin_motor,0);
stato_precedente=0;

}
else if(sonar.ping_cm()>=40 && stato_precedente==145){

Serial.print(sonar.ping_cm()); // Send ping, get distance in cm and print result (0 = outside set distance range)
Serial.println("cm");
Serial.println("motore:off");
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
delay(100);
lcd.print("motore:off ");
for(i=145;i>0;i--){
analogWrite(pin_motor,i);
delay(15);
}
analogWrite(pin_motor,0);
stato_precedente=0;
}
}

Laser cutter

with the laser cutter I've done the electronics cover:

Shopbot work

With the shopbot I've done the whole structure of the machine (the external part and the internal bar where the olives slip on):

file dxf1 file dxf2

main problem of the system

Unfortunatly when I've fixed all the component an do the whole strucutre It didn't work because some linking (maybe those of the breadboard) are disconnected: so the problem was about the package of the electronic linking and the unfixed microcontroller:

so I've decided to re-do the box of the elctronics in a different way and the support of the board that I am going to mill. But though the board have worked ,the machine wouldn't work anyway because I haven't done a good support for the fan: so I've decided to redone it too..

problem solving

To have a better package of my machine I've decided to fix the board with a support : i've decided to move the box which contain the electronic component and to do 2 lateral bar where I can fix the support of the motor ; at the end I've done an other fan with the space where I can join it with the motor without doing a support between the fan and motor because It is more difficult and in my opinion isn't a good work. In fact I've tried to do a support but I haven't had any effective result.

I've printed the fan of the on shape model and this is the result:

stl file fan

I've fixed my fan with the the motor:

and then I've test the support and It is good

support stl

now I am going to do the box where I fix the support with the board : in the box I have to do the space for the every wires like in the other one done before.

Better Packaging and complete project

I've done a box where I've fixed my board with the support and where there is the 12V power supply that I've linked to my board in order to power it: like we can see,the packaging is better because now the board is fixed and the wire are more stable.

I've improved the connection of the wires inside the machine (the wires of the sonar): I've tightened them with three cable ties so they don't come off due to the fall of the olives:

the final packaging is this:

file dxf new box

Future development

Final project Update presentation